Cancer is one of the most dreaded and despised illnesses. According to the World Health Organization, it is the second largest cause of death. According to studies, 1300 people perish in India each day as a result of cancer. These figures are both amazing and frightening. Cancer incidence has been steadily rising over the last few decades.
Cancer appears in a variety of shapes and sizes. Cancer is the collective term for an illness in which certain cells in a person's body begin dividing incessantly and refuse to stop.
These extra cells develop, and they spread into surrounding tissues, forming cancerous growths. Cells from such tumors may break away and create tumors in other parts of the patient's body.
There are numerous cancer types, each with its own set of origins, signs, and treatment choices.
So, what causes cancer?
A range of biological, environmental, and lifestyle variables contribute to cancer. Among the recognized causes of cancer are:
- Changes in the DNA sequence of cells can result in abnormal growth and division of cells, which can contribute to cancer.
- Environmental factors: Certain substances, radioactivity, and other toxins can cause cell damage and raise the chance of cancer.
- Unhealthy habits such as smoking, a poor diet, a lack of physical activity, and excessive alcohol intake can all raise a person's cancer risk.
- Infections: Infections such as hepatitis B and C, as well as human papillomavirus (HPV), and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can raise the risk of getting certain cancers.
- Age: As individuals get older, their chances of developing cancer rise.
- background of the family: An inherited condition causes only a tiny percentage of cancers. If cancer runs in your family, it's conceivable that mutations are passed down from generation to generation. You may be possibility for genetic testing to see if you have hereditary mutations that raise your chance of developing certain cancers. Keep in mind that having a hereditary genetic mutation does not guarantee that you will develop cancer.
SYMPTOMS
- Cancer symptoms differ based on the type and stage of the illness. Cancer signs include the following:
- Cancer can cause a general sense of lethargy or weakening that doesn't improve with rest.
- Unexplained weight loss: Losing weight without attempting can be a cancer diagnosis.
- Cancer may trigger pain in the affected area or elsewhere in the body when it has spread.
- Skin changes: Skin cancer can be detected by changes in the pigment, texture, or look of the skin.
- Changes in urinary or bowel habits: Differences in bowel motions or urine output, such as the presence of blood in one's stool or urine, can be an indication of cancer.
- Coughing or hoarseness: Coughing or difficulty breathing can be a symptom of lung cancer.
- Trouble swallowing can be an indication of the pharynx or esophageal cancer.
- Bleeding from any area of the body, including the rectum, vagina, or blood in the lungs, can be an indication of cancer.
5 Most Deadly Types of Cancer
According to global data, the following are the five most lethal types of cancer:
- Lung cancer is the main reason of cancer-related mortality globally. It is frequently diagnosed at a late stage, when the disease has already moved to other areas of the body, making treatment difficult. Although smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, indirect smoke, air pollution, and certain workers' exposure can all raise the risk.
- Colorectal cancer is the second most lethal form of cancer, affecting the colon or rectum. Changes in bowel movements, stool with blood, and abdominal discomfort are all possible symptoms. Colorectal cancer risk is increased by a heavy diet of red and processed meat, foods that are low in fiber, and a dearth of exercise.
- Stomach cancer ranks as the third most dangerous form of cancer. Indigestion, stomach discomfort, and accidental weight loss are all possible symptoms. Contamination with the bacterium H.pylori, a high-salt, smoked-food diet, and smoking can all increase the chance of stomach cancer
- Cancer of the liver is the 4th most lethal form of cancer. Symptoms may include abdominal discomfort, skin and eye yellowing, and a sudden decrease in weight. Chronic hepatitis B or C infection, hepatitis, and excessive alcohol use can all increase the chance of developing liver cancer.
- Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and one of the most lethal types of cancer. A lump or swelling in the breast, nipple discharge, or variations in breast size or form may be symptoms. Breast cancer risk factors include a family history of the disease, hormone replacement treatment, and obesity.
TREATMENT
The type and stage of cancer, as well as the person's general health and preferences, all influence cancer treatment. Cancer therapies that are commonly used include:
- Surgery: To keep cancer from spreading, the tumor and surrounding tissue are removed. It is frequently used as the first course of treatment for solid tumors.
- Radiation therapy: High-energy radiation is used to destroy cancer cells. It can be used either alone or in conjunction with other therapies.
- Chemotherapy is the use of medicines to eradicate cancer cells. When cancer has traveled to other areas of the body, it is frequently used.
Targeted therapy is a type of cancer treatment in which drugs are used to target particular proteins or other substances that aid in the growth and spread of cancerous cells.It should be noted that not all cancers can be healed, but a lot can be managed with therapy.
The best treatment strategy will be determined by the individual's unique situation and may include a combination of various treatments. Working with a healthcare team to create a treatment strategy that's specific to the individual's wants and requirements is critical.
It is also critical to realize that cancer risk can be reduced by living a healthy and active lifestyle. Include a healthy diet, physical activity, and mental fortitude, and avoid smoking, drinking, and other bad habits.
FAQ
Q1. Is cancer curable?
A1. Although not all cancers can be cured, many can be controlled with therapy. The prognosis for cancer is determined by a variety of variables, such as the stage of the illness, the individual's age, and overall health.
Q2. How can I lower my cancer risk?
A2. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, which includes consuming nutritious food, engaging in regular physical activity, eliminating tobacco and heavy alcohol intake, shielding oneself from the sun, and having suggested cancer screenings, can reduce your risk of cancer.
Q3. What is the source of cancer?
A3. Cancer is caused by several factors, including genetic mutations, chemical or radiation exposure, and lifestyle habits such as smoking, diet, and physical exercise.
